{"id":4473,"date":"2022-08-29T09:14:04","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T08:14:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mna100.ie\/centenary-moments\/women-prisoners-defence-league\/"},"modified":"2023-05-09T12:03:09","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T11:03:09","slug":"conradh-cosanta-na-mbanphriosunach","status":"publish","type":"centenary-moments","link":"https:\/\/www.mna100.ie\/ga\/centenary-moments\/conradh-cosanta-na-mbanphriosunach\/","title":{"rendered":"Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I m\u00ed L\u00fanasa 2022 bh\u00ed s\u00e9 c\u00e9ad bliain \u00f3 buna\u00edodh Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach<\/strong> de r\u00e9ir c\u00e1ip\u00e9ise a fuarthas ag 47 Cearn\u00f3g Parnell<\/strong> am \u00e9igin sna 1970id\u00ed, agus at\u00e1 i mbaili\u00fach\u00e1n pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach anois:<\/p>\n\n\n\n


M\u00e1ithreacha, mn\u00e1 c\u00e9ile agus deirfi\u00faracha na bPr\u00edos\u00fanach Poblacht\u00e1nach a bhunaigh Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach, go neamhfhoirmi\u00fail lasmuigh de gheata\u00ed Phr\u00edos\u00fan Mhuinseo, Baile \u00c1tha Cliath i m\u00ed L\u00fanasa 1922. Bh\u00edodh na sluaite ban bailithe lasmuigh de gheata\u00ed an phr\u00edos\u00fain chun sc\u00e9ala a fh\u00e1il faoina gclann mhac, a bhfir ch\u00e9ile agus a n-in\u00edonacha a bh\u00ed ar iarraidh, n\u00f3 chun bia agus \u00e9adach a thabhairt chomh fada leo sin a fuarthas a bh\u00ed i l\u00e1thair. N\u00edor ceada\u00edodh aon chuairteanna agus n\u00edor tugadh aon eolas. L\u00e1mhacadh bean amh\u00e1in sa chos agus \u00ed ag iarraidh sc\u00e9ala a fh\u00e1il faoina fear c\u00e9ile lasmuigh de Bheairic Wellington [Beairic U\u00ed Ghr\u00edofa n\u00f3 Col\u00e1iste U\u00ed Ghr\u00edofa anois]. Mara\u00edodh buachaill \u00f3g taobh amuigh de Phr\u00edos\u00fan Mhuinseo, agus \u00e9 i gcuideachta bean a bh\u00ed ag lorg sc\u00e9ala faoina mac. Scaipeadh sc\u00e9alta uaf\u00e1is, sc\u00e9alta a deimhn\u00edodh n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed, de phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh a bheith \u00e1 mbualadh agus \u00e1 gc\u00e9asadh chun eolas a fh\u00e1il uathu. I bhfianaise daoine a bheith \u00e1 l\u00e1mhacadh go rialta sna pr\u00edos\u00fain agus pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh a bheith \u00e1 ngort\u00fa, b\u2019fhacthas go raibh g\u00e9argh\u00e1 le Conradh Cosanta Pr\u00edos\u00fanach a bhun\u00fa. Deimhn\u00edodh an Conradh go foirmi\u00fail agus ceapadh coiste ina raibh Charlotte Despard ina hUachtar\u00e1n agus Maud Gonne MacBride ina R\u00fana\u00ed ag ollchruinni\u00fa de chuid na mban sa Seomra Cruinn i dTeach an Ardmh\u00e9ara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Siad na cusp\u00f3ir\u00ed a bh\u00ed leis an gconradh go scaoilf\u00ed saor na Pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh Phoblacht\u00e1nacha agus go gcaithf\u00ed leo mar phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh cogaidh go dt\u00ed go scaoilf\u00ed saor iad agus c\u00fanamh a thabhairt do theaghlaigh eolas a fh\u00e1il faoina gcuid gaolta sna pr\u00edos\u00fain. Ar mhaithe le cusp\u00f3ir\u00ed an chonartha a bhaint amach, re\u00e1cht\u00e1il an Conradh cruinnithe gach seachtain sna fothracha \u00f3n gcogadh ar Shr\u00e1id U\u00ed Chonaill, agus bail\u00edodh agus scaipeadh eolas \u00f3n bpr\u00edos\u00fan. Eagra\u00edodh cruinnithe in \u00e1iteanna eile agus par\u00e1id\u00ed p\u00f3staeir, p\u00e9inte\u00e1ladh sr\u00e1ideanna, etc. Seoladh toscaireachta\u00ed chuig Bardas Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath agus chuig Cumann na Croise Deirge. Chinntigh siad gur buna\u00edodh fiosr\u00fach\u00e1n faoi mhionn \u00f3n Ardmh\u00e9ara faoi mar a bh\u00edothas ag caitheamh le Pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh Phoblacht\u00e1nacha, c\u00e9 gur chuir Rialtas an tSaorst\u00e1it cosc ar shu\u00ed an fhiosr\u00fach\u00e1in ar an tr\u00ed\u00fa l\u00e1\u2026 d\u2019oibrigh an Conradh go d\u00edograiseach, iad i mbun cruinnithe ar thraenacha, ag tabhairt cuairte ar ospid\u00e9il agus i mbun buannachta\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ansin d\u2019eagraigh an Conradh seirbh\u00eds chun s\u00fail a choime\u00e1d ar na c\u00fairteanna agus chun bia a shol\u00e1thar do Phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh Polaiti\u00fala sa Bridewell. N\u00ed dh\u00e9anta\u00ed aon sol\u00e1thar cu\u00ed chun bia a chur ar f\u00e1il do phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh sa Bridewell agus bh\u00ed fulaingt mh\u00f3r i nd\u00e1n d\u00f3ibh sin \u00f3 ar fud na t\u00edre, go h\u00e1irithe iad sin nach bhfuil aon ghaolta acu i mBaile \u00c1tha Cliath chun breathn\u00fa amach d\u00f3ibh, agus gan pingin acu chun bia a cheannach \u2026 B\u2019obair dheonach ar fad a bh\u00ed i gceist le hobair an chonartha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is f\u00e9idir tras-scr\u00edbhinn ioml\u00e1n a fh\u00e1il den ch\u00e1ip\u00e9is sin: anseo<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Deir an Dr Cormac Moore<\/strong>, Stara\u00ed C\u00f3naithe, Comhairle Cathrach Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath agus \u00e9 ag d\u00edri\u00fa ar an gceantar Baile \u00c1tha Cliath Thuaidh-L\u00e1r maidir le Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach<\/strong> a buna\u00edodh i m\u00ed L\u00fanasa 1922:<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Le linn an Chogadh Cathartha, cuireadh thart ar 13,000 Poblacht\u00e1nach i bpr\u00edos\u00fan n\u00f3 faoi ghlas agus ba mhn\u00e1 iad breis agus 500 acu sin. I bhfianaise an l\u00edon ard sin, n\u00ed raibh na seirbh\u00eds\u00ed pr\u00edos\u00fan \u00e1balta freastal orthu. Bh\u00ed na pr\u00edos\u00fain ag cur thar maoil agus l\u00e1n, agus ba mhinic suas le seisear in aon chill\u00edn amh\u00e1in. Bh\u00edodh daoine seasta ag gear\u00e1n faoi bhia, galair agus r\u00f3phl\u00f3d\u00fa sna pr\u00edos\u00fain. C\u00e9 n\u00e1r ceada\u00edodh cuairteoir\u00ed bh\u00edodh sc\u00e9ala ag teacht amach go mb\u00edodh pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh \u00e1 gc\u00e9asadh istigh iontu. Bh\u00edodh teaghlaigh a mb\u00edodh duine bainteach leo sa phr\u00edos\u00fan ag fulaingt go m\u00f3r freisin mar gur mhinic gurb \u00e9 an duine a bh\u00ed sa phr\u00edos\u00fan an t\u00e9 a bh\u00edodh ag saothr\u00fa roimhe sin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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P\u00f3staer s\u00ednithe ag Maud Gonne MacBride do Chonradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach. Le caoinchead Leabharlann agus Cartlann Chathair Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Buna\u00edodh Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach, in iarracht st\u00e1das pr\u00edos\u00fanach cogaidh agus coinn\u00edollacha n\u00edos fearr a chinnti\u00fa do phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh agus do dhaoine faoi ghlas. Ba \u00ed Charlotte Despard<\/a>, an sufraig\u00e9id agus n\u00e1isi\u00fanach (deirfi\u00far le hiar-fhear Ionaid an R\u00ed John French), a toghadh ina huachtar\u00e1n agus ghlac an gn\u00edomha\u00ed polait\u00edochta Maud Gonne MacBride<\/a>, r\u00f3l an r\u00fana\u00ed. Ba chairde iad Despard agus Gonne MacBride le blianta fada, bhog Despard go buan go h\u00c9irinn agus cheannaigh siad teach in \u00e9ineacht, Teach Roebuck i gCluain Sceach, Baile \u00c1tha Cliath in 1922.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’eagraigh Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach cruinnithe ag\u00f3ide in \u00e1iteanna mar Theach an Ardmh\u00e9ara agus m\u00f3rshi\u00falta ar Shr\u00e1id U\u00ed Chonaill, ag tarraingt airde ar chruach\u00e1s na bpr\u00edos\u00fanach agus chuir Baill den Chonradh isteach ar imeachta\u00ed Dh\u00e1il \u00c9ireann agus chuir br\u00fa ar Chomhairle Cathrach Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath tuarasc\u00e1il a choimisi\u00fan\u00fa ar choinn\u00edollacha na bpoblacht\u00e1nach a bh\u00ed sa phr\u00edos\u00fan.  Eagra\u00edodh bigil\u00ed lasmuigh de na pr\u00edos\u00fain sna h\u00e1iteanna a raibh poblacht\u00e1naigh \u00e1 gcoinne\u00e1il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1 PhD \u00f3 Ollscoil De Montfort i Leicester ag Cormac Moore<\/strong>, agus is \u00e9 \u00fadar Birth of the Border: The Impact of Partition in Ireland<\/a> (2019), The Irish Soccer Split<\/a> (2015) agus The GAA V Douglas Hyde: The Removal of Ireland\u2019s First President as GAA Patron (2012). T\u00e1 s\u00e9 ag scr\u00edobh leabhair faoi l\u00e1thair ar Laois agus ar R\u00e9abhl\u00f3id na h\u00c9ireann agus ceaptar go bhfoilseofar \u00e9 in 2023 agus is eagarth\u00f3ir \u00e9 ar Atlas of Irish Sport, at\u00e1 le foilsi\u00fa in 2023 freisin. B\u00edonn s\u00e9 p\u00e1irteach go rialta sna me\u00e1in freisin agus scr\u00edobhann s\u00e9 col\u00fan m\u00edos\u00fail don Irish News ar 100 bliain \u00f3n gcr\u00edochdheighilt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An Dr Mary Muldowney<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stara\u00ed C\u00f3naithe Comhairle Cathrach Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath <\/strong>(ag d\u00edri\u00fa ar an gceantar Baile \u00c1tha Cliath L\u00e1ir). Do Mn\u00e1100<\/strong> scr\u00fada\u00edonn s\u00ed obair Chonradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach agus d\u00edr\u00edtear go sonrach ar mhn\u00e1 a gabhadh le linn an Chogadh Cathartha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L\u00e9arsc\u00e1il de shu\u00edmh Banphr\u00edos\u00fanaigh an Chogaidh Chathartha i mBaile \u00c1tha Cliath \u00f3n Atlas of Irish Revolution. Le caoinchead Cork University Press.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9ir\u00edtear sa l\u00e9arsc\u00e1il in Atlas of the Irish Revolution<\/em> na h\u00e1iteanna c\u00f3naithe a bh\u00ed ag na mn\u00e1 a cuireadh i bpr\u00edos\u00fan idir 1922 agus 1923, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edtear gur ch\u00f3naigh na pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh den chuid is m\u00f3 i gceantair n\u00edos saibhre.  Ba l\u00edon beag ban \u00f3n lucht oibre a d\u2019\u00e9iligh pinsin agus l\u00e9ir\u00edtear ar an l\u00e9arsc\u00e1il an laghad daoine \u00f3 na ceantair ba bhoichte i gCathair Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath a cuireadh sa phr\u00edos\u00fan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edr\u00edonn <\/strong>an Dr Mary Muldowney <\/strong>ar bheirt bhan Kathleen Barrett (Connolly roimh ph\u00f3sadh di)<\/strong> agus Molly (Mary) O\u2019Reilly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bh\u00ed mn\u00e1 mar sin \u00f3 cheantair in \u00e1iteanna eile sa t\u00edr a d\u2019\u00e9iligh pinsin ach mar thoradh ar \u00c9ir\u00ed Amach na C\u00e1sca 1916 den chuid is m\u00f3 agus n\u00ed r\u00f3mhinic mar gheall ar ghn\u00edomhartha le linn Chogadh na Saoirse.  Is f\u00edor a r\u00e1 gur m\u00f3 ban a chuir Saorst\u00e1t na h\u00c9ireann i bpr\u00edos\u00fan n\u00e1 mar a rinne an Bhreatain, i dtr\u00e9imhse ama n\u00edos l\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019oibrigh Cumann na mBan a bh\u00ed i gcoinne an Chonartha agus an IRA le ch\u00e9ile ag ullmh\u00fa lu\u00edoch\u00e1n ar arm an tSaorst\u00e1it.  C\u00e9 nach bhfuil aon fhianaise ann gur ghlac mn\u00e1 aon ph\u00e1irt sna lu\u00edoch\u00e1in f\u00e9in, bh\u00ed r\u00f3l suntasach acu ag sol\u00e1thar, ag st\u00f3r\u00e1il, ag glanadh agus ag ullmh\u00fa na ngunna\u00ed.  Ghn\u00edomhaigh siad mar theachtair\u00ed freisin agus gabhadh iad agus iad ag iompar c\u00e1ip\u00e9is\u00ed faisn\u00e9ise n\u00f3 mar gheall go raibh c\u00e1ip\u00e9is\u00ed faisn\u00e9ise i bhfolach ina n-\u00e1iteanna c\u00f3naithe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le linn thr\u00e9imhse an chogaidh agus ar feadh roinnt m\u00edonna i ndiaidh na hairm a bheith dump\u00e1ilte, rud a chuir deireadh leis, coime\u00e1dadh banphr\u00edos\u00fanaigh pholaiti\u00fala i bPr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann, i bPr\u00edos\u00fan Mhuinseo agus in Aontas Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath Thuaidh, a bh\u00edodh in \u00fas\u00e1id mar bheairic de chuid Arm na Breataine le linn Chogadh na Saoirse.  Sna tr\u00ed phr\u00edos\u00fan sin, thoghadh na mn\u00e1 comhairle pr\u00edos\u00fanach agus ba \u00e9 an r\u00f3l a bh\u00ed acu d\u00e9ile\u00e1il leis na h\u00fadar\u00e1is agus smacht a chur i bhfeidhm freisin, c\u00e9 nach mba bhaill de Chumann na mBan iad gach duine de na pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh ag an am.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Leabhar na Mionscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed de chuid Chomhairle na bPr\u00edos\u00fanach in Aontas Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath Thuaidh, 1923. \u2018Le caoinchead Mh\u00fasaem Phr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann \/OPW. KMGLM.20MS-1B43-28<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le linn Chogadh na Saoirse, thug an obair a rinne baill de Chumann na mBan leis an IRA muin\u00edn d\u00f3ibh ina gcumas f\u00e9in, go h\u00e1irithe i measc na mban Poblacht\u00e1nach a bh\u00ed lonnaithe i mBaile \u00c1tha Cliath agus a bh\u00ed chun cinn i gCumann na mBan in aghaidh an Chonartha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba dhuine de na mn\u00e1 \u00f3ga sin \u00ed Kathleen Barrett (Connolly<\/strong><\/a> roimh ph\u00f3sadh di)<\/strong>, \u00f3 theaghlach ina raibh ochtar mac agus ochtar in\u00edon, gach uile duine acu ina bPoblacht\u00e1naigh dh\u00edograiseacha. Bh\u00ed Kathleen ina ball d\u2019Arm na Saor\u00e1nach (ICA) le linn \u00c9ir\u00ed Amach na C\u00e1sca 1916 agus ina ball teachtaire d\u00edlis do Gharast\u00fan Halla na Cathrach, \u00e1it ar l\u00e1mhacadh agus a mara\u00edodh a dearth\u00e1ir Se\u00e1n. Cuireadh sa phr\u00edos\u00fan \u00ed i Sr\u00e1id na Long, sular aistr\u00edodh \u00ed chuig Beairic Richmond agus ina dhiaidh sin chuig Pr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann, agus scaoileadh amach \u00ed ar an 09 Bealtaine 1916.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kathleen Barrett (Connolly roimh ph\u00f3sadh di) aibhsithe sa ghrianghraf de na Mn\u00e1 a bh\u00ed p\u00e1irteach in \u00c9ir\u00ed Amach 1916 ag Teach Ely O\u2019Carroll, Pl\u00e1s Pheadair, Baile \u00c1tha Cliath.
Le caoinchead Mh\u00fasaem Phr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann KMGLM.18PC-1B53-02<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chuaigh s\u00ed isteach sa Bhrainse L\u00e1rnach de Chumann na mBan agus bh\u00ed s\u00ed gn\u00edomhach ag baili\u00fa don Chiste N\u00e1isi\u00fanta C\u00fanaimh agus Cleithi\u00fanaigh.  Bh\u00ed s\u00ed i mbun feachtasa\u00edochta do Shinn F\u00e9in in Olltoghch\u00e1n 1918 agus bh\u00ed s\u00ed gn\u00edomhach freisin i bhfeachtas frith-choinscr\u00edobh n\u00edos luaithe an bhliain sin.  Le linn Chogadh na Saoirse thug s\u00ed cuairt ar \u00f3glaigh san ospid\u00e9al agus ghlac s\u00ed p\u00e1irt i mbigil\u00ed taobh amuigh de Mhuinseo le linn stailceanna ocrais agus nuair a cuireadh daoine chun b\u00e1is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I 1922 bh\u00ed s\u00ed ar an taobh in aghaidh an Chonartha agus ghlac s\u00ed p\u00e1irt in urphoist frith-Chonartha le linn Chath Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath.  Ba theachtaire a bh\u00ed inti don Toscaireacht Poblacht\u00e1nach i Londain, Art O\u2019Brien.  I M\u00e1rta 1923, gabhadh i Londain \u00ed agus seoladh ar ais go Baile \u00c1tha Cliath \u00ed chun \u00ed a choime\u00e1d i bPr\u00edos\u00fan Mhuinseo agus in Aontas Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath Thuaidh.  F\u00e9ach Taifead Pinsean Staire an Bhi\u00far\u00f3 M\u00edleata do Kathleen Barrett anseo.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bh\u00ed Molly (Mary) O\u2019Reilly<\/strong> gn\u00edomhach sa chistin anraith san \u00edoslach i Halla na Saoirse in iarracht bia a roinnt leis na teaghlaigh a bh\u00ed ag fulaingt leis an ocras mar gheall ar oibrithe a bheith coinnithe amach \u00f3n gcuid oibre le linn Frithdh\u00fanadh Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath i 1913.  D\u2019iarr S\u00e9amus \u00d3 Conghaile uirthi bratach na Poblachta a chur ar foluain os cionn Halla na Saoirse roimh \u00c9ir\u00ed Amach na C\u00e1sca 1916 nuair nach raibh s\u00ed ach ceithre bliana d\u00e9ag d\u2019aois.  Cail\u00edn \u00e1iti\u00fail \u00f3 Shr\u00e1id Ghairdin\u00e9ir a bh\u00ed ina ball de Chlann na nGaedheal, gas\u00f3ga ban Poblacht\u00e1nacha, \u00f3 bh\u00ed s\u00ed aon bhliain d\u00e9ag. Bh\u00ed s\u00ed ina ball d\u2019Arm na Saor\u00e1nach i 1916 agus d\u2019oibrigh s\u00ed mar theachtaire le linn Sheachtain na C\u00e1sca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Grianghraf de Mollie O\u2019Reilly. Le caoinchead Constance Corcoran Cowley nach maireann.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ghn\u00edomhaigh Molly mar spiaire do Mh\u00edche\u00e1l \u00d3 Coile\u00e1in ina dhiaidh sin le linn Chogadh na Saoirse agus bhain s\u00ed leas as a jab sa Chumann Seirbh\u00eds\u00ed Aontaithe do shaighdi\u00fair\u00ed na Breataine chun \u00ed f\u00e9in a choime\u00e1d faoi cheilt agus \u00ed gn\u00edomhach ag baili\u00fa faisn\u00e9ise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I 1922 gabhadh Molly agus cuireadh sa phr\u00edos\u00fan \u00ed mar gheall ar a seasamh in aghaidh an Chonartha.  Chuaigh s\u00ed ar stailc ocrais agus \u00ed i bPr\u00edos\u00fan Mhuinseo. Scaoileadh saor \u00ed i m\u00ed na Samhna 1923.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scr\u00edobh Hannah Moynihan,<\/strong> bean \u00f3g \u00f3 Chiarra\u00ed ina dialann faoi mar a chonaic s\u00ed f\u00e9in agus daoine eile \u00f3 ch\u00falra faoin tuath na ceannair\u00ed agus mar a bhrath siad f\u00fathu. Bh\u00ed na ceannair\u00ed lonnaithe i mBaile \u00c1tha Cliath, An Ceanncheathr\u00fa (ar a dtugta\u00ed GHQ), agus b\u2019amhlaidh mar a bh\u00ed leis an IRA agus mhothaigh Hannah Moynihan agus a comr\u00e1daithe cine\u00e1l scanraithe roimh na bpr\u00edos\u00fanaigh eile a bh\u00ed an-d\u00edograiseach. Bh\u00ed teannas le brath idir an IRA frith-Chonartha agus an GHQ a bh\u00ed lonnaithe i mBaile \u00c1tha Cliath mar gheall ar easpa cumars\u00e1ide, go h\u00e1irithe ach a raibh an Conradh s\u00ednithe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are awed by the wonderful self-possession and confidence of the Dublin girls. The people from GHQ had always been mentioned by us with bated breath. How here we are face to face with them; living under the same roof and they seem to us more wonderful than we had ever dreamed.<\/strong><\/p>Hannah Moynihan \u00f3n iontr\u00e1il thuas ina dialann.<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Dialann Hannah Moynihan, pr\u00edos\u00fan Thr\u00e1 L\u00ed, Pr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann agus Aontas Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath Thuaidh, M\u00e1rta-Deireadh F\u00f3mhair 1923. Le caoinchead Mh\u00fasaem Phr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann \/OPW. KMGLM.2010.0246<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Much to our dismay all speakers pressed for hunger strike. Fresh from the country our appetites are healthy and big. Have we the physical courage to refuse?… We must consider the moral aspect – is one justified in dying for letters and parcels?<\/strong><\/p>Hannah Moynihan \u00f3n iontr\u00e1il thuas ina dialann.<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Dialann Hannah Moynihan, Pr\u00edos\u00fan Thr\u00e1 L\u00ed, Pr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann agus Aontas Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath Thuaidh, M\u00e1rta-Deireadh F\u00f3mhair 1923. Le caoinchead Mh\u00fasaem Phr\u00edos\u00fan Chill Mhaighneann \/OPW. KMGLM.2010.0246<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bh\u00ed s\u00e9 de dhualgas ar phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh pholaiti\u00fala a gcuid c\u00f3ir\u00edochta a choime\u00e1d glan ach dhi\u00faltaigh comhairl\u00ed Chumann na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach sin a dh\u00e9anamh, c\u00e9 gur chlo\u00edgh na pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh ar fir iad leis na rialacha sin.  Sheol Coiste Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na Croise Deirge toscaireacht chun athbhreithni\u00fa a dh\u00e9anamh ar na coinn\u00edollacha in rabhthas ag coime\u00e1d na bpr\u00edos\u00fanach frith-Chonartha.  Sa tuarasc\u00e1il a heis\u00edodh tar \u00e9is an imscr\u00fadaithe, bhreithnigh an t-\u00fadar go raibh f\u00f3cas na mbanphr\u00edos\u00fanach ar \u00e9ilimh lena ligean saor seachas ar na coinn\u00edollacha ina rabhthas \u00e1 gcoime\u00e1d agus toisc go raibh s\u00e9 sin lasmuigh de th\u00e9arma\u00ed tagartha na cigireachta, breithn\u00edodh nach mba g\u00e1 cuairt a thabhairt ar na tr\u00ed phr\u00edos\u00fan ina raibh na banphr\u00edos\u00fanaigh \u00e1 gcoime\u00e1d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bronnadh c\u00e9im Ph.D ar Mary Muldowney<\/strong> \u00f3 Chol\u00e1iste na Tr\u00edon\u00f3ide Baile \u00c1tha Cliath. D\u2019fhoilsigh an Irish Academic Press (2007) leabhar a bh\u00ed bunaithe ar a tr\u00e1chtas, The Second World War and Irish Women <\/em><\/a>. \u00c1ir\u00edtear ar a cuid foilseach\u00e1n le linn Dheich mBliana na gCuimhneach\u00e1n, caibidil i ngach aon cheann de na leabhair History on your Doorstep<\/em><\/a> a d\u2019fhoilsigh Comhairle Cathrach Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath agus rinne s\u00ed eagarth\u00f3ireacht i gcomhar ar an imleabhar is d\u00e9ana\u00ed.  Rinne s\u00ed eagarth\u00f3ireacht agus scr\u00edobh s\u00ed caibidl\u00ed faoi 100 Bliain ina dhiaidh sin: Oidhreacht Frithdh\u00fanadh 1913 <\/em>in 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scr\u00edobh Mary l\u00e9achta\u00ed agus cainteanna agus chuir s\u00ed i l\u00e1thair iad ar l\u00edne maidir le raon leathan gn\u00e9ithe de stair Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath, go h\u00e1irithe i nd\u00e1il le deich mbliana na r\u00e9abhl\u00f3ide.  Is f\u00e9idir teacht orthu tr\u00ed leathanach Facebook Stara\u00ed C\u00f3naithe Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath L\u00e1ir agus t\u00e1thar roinnte go forleathan. (@dublincentralHIR) Mar bhall den Ghr\u00fapa Oibre Saineolaithe maidir le Stair Ghr\u00e1inseach Ghorm\u00e1in t\u00e1 s\u00ed ag sti\u00faradh tionscadal p\u00edol\u00f3tach staire \u00f3 bh\u00e9al. (Grangegorman Histories @ ria.ie)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1 teacht ag an bpobal ar agallaimh Mary le lucht gn\u00edomhaithe sa ghluaiseacht ar son rogha in \u00c9irinn 1983-2010 tr\u00ed Thaisclann Dhigiteach na h\u00c9ireann. (The pro-choice movement in Ireland from 1983-2010<\/em><\/a>.<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faoi l\u00e1thair, t\u00e1 s\u00ed ag obair ar stair \u00f3 bh\u00e9al faoi Mhargadh Eallach Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath agus stair \u00f3 bh\u00e9al faoi bhrainse den Cheardchumann N\u00e1isi\u00fanta de Th\u00f3g\u00e1laithe Feithicl\u00ed de chuid Cheardchumann C\u00f3nasctha Iompair agus Ilsaothair na h\u00c9ireann.  Is ball \u00ed den choiste eagraithe de Chumann Staire Saothair na h\u00c9ireann agus ceapadh le d\u00e9ana\u00ed \u00ed mar chomheagarth\u00f3ir de Saothar<\/em>, irisleabhar aitheanta idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta de chuid an ILHS. (www.irishlabourhistorysociety.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An Dr Lia Brazil, Comhalta Taighde, Col\u00e1iste Nuffield, Ollscoil Oxford<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is comhalta taighde iardhocht\u00faireachta \u00ed Lia Brazil ag Col\u00e1iste Nuffield agus t\u00e1 s\u00ed ag obair ar thionscadal arna mhaoini\u00fa ag an AHRC-, \u2018<\/em>International NGOs and the Long Humanitarian Century: Legacy, Legitimacy and Leading into the Future<\/a>\u2018<\/em> in \u00e9ineacht leis an Ollamh Andrew Thompson agus an tOllamh Mike Aaronson. Cuireadh t\u00fas leis an tionscadal sin in 2021 agus meastar go mbeidh s\u00e9 tugtha chun cr\u00edche in 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anseo cuireann Lia Brazil an m\u00e9id seo a leanas ar f\u00e1il maidir le Conradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach agus an zeitgeist daonn\u00fail: A gcuid Gn\u00edomha\u00edochta\u00ed Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta in 1922 agus 1923.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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R\u00e1iteas \u00f3 Mhn\u00e1 na h\u00c9ireann chuig Seanad agus Comhdh\u00e1il na St\u00e1t Aontaithe. 
Le caoinchead Leabharlann na h\u00c9ireann. MS 41,511\/1\/31<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theastaigh \u00f3 Chonradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach tionchar a bheith acu n\u00edos faide anonn n\u00e1 \u00c9irinn amh\u00e1in.  Bh\u00ed Fraincis ar a dtoil ag an mbeirt bhunaitheoir\u00ed Charlotte Despard agus Maud Gonne MacBride agus nasc acu le heagra\u00edochta\u00ed idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta ar fud na hEorpa, agus sheol siad a gcuid ag\u00f3id\u00ed ag an am c\u00e9anna ar an st\u00e1itse idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta.  Threisigh siad a dtionchar tr\u00ed cheangal le heagra\u00edochta\u00ed ban mar Chonradh Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na mBan don tS\u00edoch\u00e1n agus don tSaoirse (WILPF), agus lorg siad idirghabh\u00e1il thar ceann phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh phoblacht\u00e1nacha na h\u00c9ireann \u00f3 Choiste Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na Croise Deirge agus \u00f3 L\u00e9ig na N\u00e1isi\u00fan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’eascair Conradh Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na mBan don S\u00edoch\u00e1n agus don Saoirse \u00f3 Chomhdh\u00e1il Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta S\u00edoch\u00e1in a re\u00e1cht\u00e1il mn\u00e1 in 1915 a bh\u00ed in aghaidh p\u00e1irt a ghlacadh sa Ch\u00e9ad Chogadh Domhanda.  Ba ghearr go raibh Charlotte Despard<\/a> ar dhuine de na baill ba ghn\u00edomha\u00ed ann. Bh\u00ed s\u00ed ar dhuine de ch\u00faigear ban ar thoscaireacht a sheol an WILPF chuig Comhdh\u00e1il S\u00edoch\u00e1na Ph\u00e1ras in 1919 chun ag\u00f3id a dh\u00e9anamh in aghaidh th\u00e9arma\u00ed an chonartha iarchogaidh.  Iar-iarrth\u00f3ir de chuid ph\u00e1irt\u00ed an Lucht Oibre, bh\u00ed aithne mh\u00f3r uirthi i measc na heite chl\u00e9 sa Bhreatain, go h\u00e1irithe mar bhunaitheoir d\u2019eagra\u00edocht sh\u00edoch\u00e1nta ceart v\u00f3t\u00e1la do mhn\u00e1, Conradh S\u00edoch\u00e1na na mBan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faoin am ar thosaigh an cogadh cathartha, bh\u00ed Despard ina c\u00f3na\u00ed le Maud Gonne MacBride<\/a>, bunaitheoir eile den WPDL. Chomh fada siar le 1914, bh\u00ed teagmh\u00e1il d\u00e9anta ag Gonne MacBride le Coiste Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na Croise Deirge sa Ghin\u00e9iv, agus s\u00fail aici Cumann Croise Deirge in \u00c9irinn a bheadh neamhsple\u00e1ch a bhun\u00fa, a mbeadh ceangal aige lena heagra\u00edocht n\u00e1isi\u00fanta ban f\u00e9in, Inghinidhe na h\u00c9ireann<\/em>.[1]<\/a> \u00d3 1864 bh\u00ed mand\u00e1id ag Coiste Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na Croise Deirge faoin dl\u00ed idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta clo\u00ed le Coinbhinsi\u00fan na Gin\u00e9ive, agus d\u2019aithin c\u00e1ch \u00e9 le linn an Ch\u00e9ad Chogadh Domhanda mar idirghabh\u00e1la\u00ed neodrachta agus mar urlabhra\u00ed ar son chearta agus cosaint\u00ed na bpr\u00edos\u00fanach cogaidh.  Le linn na coimhlinte rinne an Chros Dhearg cigireacht ar champa\u00ed pr\u00edos\u00fain agus bh\u00edothas i mbun feachtasa\u00edochta chun coinn\u00edollacha n\u00edos fearr a chinnti\u00fa do phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bh\u00ed Despard agus Gonne MacBride ar an eolas faoi chumas eagra\u00edochta\u00ed idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta mar an Chros Dhearg stocaireacht a dh\u00e9anamh ar rialtais chun caitheamh go daonna le pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh.  I ndiaidh an chogaidh, scaip eagra\u00edochta\u00ed daonnachta ar fud na hEorpa agus \u00e9 mar aidhm leo an m\u00f3r-roinn a at\u00f3g\u00e1il, feabhas a chur ar choinn\u00edollacha maireacht\u00e1la d\u2019iarshaighdi\u00fair\u00ed agus a chinnti\u00fa go scaoilf\u00ed saor na m\u00edlte pr\u00edos\u00fanach cogaidh a bh\u00ed \u00e1 gcoime\u00e1d ar fud an domhain mh\u00f3r.  Bh\u00ed gn\u00edomhaithe in \u00c9irinn tar \u00e9is leas a bhaint cheana f\u00e9in as an zeitgeist daonnachta seo le linn Chogadh na Saoirse (1919 \u2013 1921).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sna St\u00e1it Aontaithe, mh\u00e1irse\u00e1il mn\u00e1 i Washington agus iad ag \u00e9ileamh idirghabh\u00e1il \u00f3 Chros Dhearg Mheirice\u00e1 in \u00c9irinn. Chun tuilleadh comhth\u00e9acs a fh\u00e1il, f\u00e9ach (https:\/\/mna100dev.fusio.dev\/centenary-moments\/toward-america\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ag\u00f3id\u00ed na n\u00c9ireannach ag an Teach B\u00e1n, 1920. Grianghraf. https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2016830880\/. Le caoinchead Leabharlann na Comhdh\u00e1la.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bh\u00ed baill \u00f3 Chonradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach mar bhaill de Chros Bh\u00e1n na h\u00c9ireann freisin.  D\u2019fhoghlaim na mn\u00e1 a bh\u00ed i gceist conas aird na me\u00e1n a tharraingt orthu f\u00e9in tr\u00ed imeachta\u00ed poibl\u00ed a phlean\u00e1il go c\u00faramach agus mar thoradh ar a gcuid gn\u00edomhartha tugadh na m\u00edlte ar mhaithe le faoiseamh daonnachta in \u00c9irinn.  I ndiaidh th\u00fas an Chogaidh Chathartha i m\u00ed an Mheithimh 1922, lorg siad idirghabh\u00e1il daonnachta seachas faoiseamh do phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh phoblacht\u00e1nacha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar \u00e9is do pholasa\u00ed cur chun b\u00e1is an Rialtais Shealadaigh a theacht i bhfeidhm i m\u00ed na Samhna 1922, cuireadh achain\u00ed i l\u00e1thair Chomhdh\u00e1il na St\u00e1t Aontaithe, Comhdh\u00e1il S\u00edoch\u00e1na ag Lausanne, agus Coiste Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na Croise Deirge sa Ghin\u00e9iv.  Sna hachain\u00ed agus sna hag\u00f3id\u00ed sin, spreag baill Chonradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach bolscaireacht na daonnachta agus caitheadh aird ar an bhfulaingt chun aird an domhain mh\u00f3r a tharraingt ar phr\u00edos\u00fain agus ar champa\u00ed g\u00e9ibhinn Shaorst\u00e1t \u00c9ireann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1it\u00edodh sna hachain\u00ed sin, mar a dh\u00e9antar sa cheann seo thar ceann mhn\u00e1 \u2018Cro\u00edbhriste\u2019 na h\u00c9ireann, go rabhadar ag d\u00e9anamh ionada\u00edochta ar mh\u00e1ithreacha agus ar mhn\u00e1 c\u00e9ile a bh\u00ed coinnithe scartha \u00f3na gclann mhac agus \u00f3na bhfir ch\u00e9ile.  Bh\u00ed droch-choinn\u00edollacha maireacht\u00e1la sna pr\u00edos\u00fain, mha\u00edgh an WPDL sna hachain\u00ed, go raibh s\u00e9 \u2018deacair glacadh go bhf\u00e9adfadh coinn\u00edollacha a bheith chomh dona in \u2018aois na sibhialta\u2019.  D\u2019\u00e9iligh siad go raibh an Saorst\u00e1t ag briseadh rialacha leasa idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta agus thagair siad go sonrach don 10\u00fa Comhdh\u00e1il Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta de chuid na Croise Deirge, 1921, \u00e1it ar leathna\u00edodh dualgas na heagra\u00edochta chun cosaint a thabhairt do phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh le linn coga\u00ed cathartha agus coimhlint\u00ed inmhe\u00e1nacha.  C\u00e9 go mba l\u00e9ir nach raibh an WPDL cinnte faoi dhl\u00edthi\u00falacht an tsocraithe sin \u2013 thagair siad d\u00f3 mar chuid de Choinbhinsi\u00fain na Gin\u00e9ive, seachas mar r\u00e9iteach comhdh\u00e1la faoi cheangal \u2013 ach d\u2019\u00e1itigh siad gur sh\u00e1raigh Saorst\u00e1t na h\u00c9ireann spiorad an tsocraithe sin.  D\u2019\u00e9iligh siad dearbh\u00fa idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta go gcaithf\u00ed le pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh Phoblacht\u00e1nacha mar phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh chogaidh, ag s\u00fail go gcuirfeadh sin stop le polasa\u00ed cur chun b\u00e1is an tSaorst\u00e1it.  \u00c1it\u00edodh ina gcuid c\u00e1ip\u00e9is\u00ed go raibh an Bhreatain freagrach as an gcogadh a bheith f\u00f3s ag dul ar aghaidh agus d\u2019\u00e9iligh siad idirghabh\u00e1il \u2018in ainm na daonnachta\u2019.  Mar thoradh ar a gcuid iarrachta\u00ed, in Aibre\u00e1n 1923, th\u00e1inig an Chros Dhearg go h\u00c9irinn chun coinn\u00edollacha na bpr\u00edos\u00fan a scr\u00fad\u00fa, c\u00e9 ina dtuarasc\u00e1il ar deireadh tugadh le fios go raibh Saorst\u00e1t na h\u00c9ireann saor \u00f3 mhille\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is d\u00edol suntais \u00e9 an \u00fas\u00e1id a bhain baill Chonradh Cosanta na mBanphr\u00edos\u00fanach as reitric a bh\u00ed ag teacht chun cinn den dl\u00ed idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta agus cearta na bpr\u00edos\u00fanach.  Bh\u00ed siad ar an eolas faoi mhisin \u00f3n gCros Dhearg i mB\u00fadaipeist, sa Pholainn agus san \u00dacr\u00e1in agus chonaic siad an deis a bh\u00ed ann go nd\u00e9anfa\u00ed idirghabh\u00e1il ar bhonn daonnachta chun feabhas a chur ar choinn\u00edollacha do na pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh Phoblacht\u00e1nacha.  Ar an tsl\u00ed ch\u00e9anna, rinne siad amhlaidh agus a rinne iarrachta\u00ed na mban ar fud na hEorpa tar \u00e9is an chogaidh, tr\u00ed bh\u00e9im a chur gur m\u00e1ithreacha a bh\u00ed iontu mar chosaint d\u00e1 n-obair dhaonn\u00fail, go h\u00e1irithe Eglantyne Jebb agus an Ciste chun Leana\u00ed a Sh\u00e1bh\u00e1il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e9 go raibh siad seasta faoi bhagairt pr\u00edos\u00fain iad f\u00e9in, d\u2019fhan baill den WPDL gn\u00edomhach go hidirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta le linn an chogaidh cathartha, agus thaisteal mn\u00e1 mar Albinia Brodrick<\/a>, Kathleen O\u2019Brennan<\/a> agus Kathleen Lynn <\/a>chuig an nGin\u00e9iv le linn na coimhlinte.  Chas daoine m\u00f3ra le r\u00e1 oifigi\u00fala leo ansin agus bh\u00ed tuairisc\u00ed sna me\u00e1in idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta faoina gcuid iarrachta\u00ed.  Cuireadh b\u00e9im sna hachain\u00ed tosaigh ar an r\u00f3l a bh\u00ed acu mar mh\u00e1ithreacha agus mar mhn\u00e1 c\u00e9ile, ach de r\u00e9ir mar a lean an cogadh ar aghaidh, roinn siad eolas faoina dtaith\u00ed f\u00e9in sa phr\u00edos\u00fan chun aird a tharraingt ar an droch\u00edde a bh\u00ed an Saorst\u00e1t a thabhairt do phr\u00edos\u00fanaigh idir fhir agus mhn\u00e1.  Le linn an chogadh cathartha in \u00c9irinn, nuair nach raibh go leor san Eoraip ar an eolas faoi choinn\u00edollacha agus gn\u00f3tha\u00ed in \u00c9irinn, d\u2019fheidhmigh an WPDL mar nasc luachmhar idir \u00c9irinn agus an chuid eile den domhan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> Is ionann seo agus in\u00edonacha na h\u00c9ireann, Inghinidhe na h\u00c9ireann, <\/em>(1900 \u2013 1914) agus ch\u00f3nasc siad n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed le Cumann na mBan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00edochnaigh Lia Brazi<\/strong>l a PhD d\u00e1r teideal, \u201c<\/em>International Law and the Rule of Law in the British Empire, 1899 \u2013 1921<\/em><\/a>\u201c<\/em> ag Institi\u00faid Ollscoil na hEorpa, Fl\u00f3rans in 2021.  D\u00edr\u00edodh sa togra sin ar \u00fas\u00e1id arg\u00f3int\u00ed dl\u00ed idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta ar an talamh le linn an Dara Cogadh san Afraic Theas (1899 \u2013 1902) agus iarrachta\u00ed na h\u00c9ireann ar shaoirse a bhaint amach (1916 \u2013 1923).  Rinne s\u00ed staid\u00e9ar d\u00e1 C\u00e9im BA ag Col\u00e1iste na Tr\u00edon\u00f3ide, Baile \u00c1tha Cliath agus a C\u00e9im MA sa Stair Eorpach ag Col\u00e1iste Ollscoile, Baile \u00c1tha Cliath.  Scr\u00fada\u00edtear ina cuid taighde reatha ar mar a bhain aisteoir\u00ed leas as INGOnna le linn coimhlint\u00ed agus d\u00edr\u00edtear go h\u00e1irithe ar ghluaiseacht na Croise Deirge.  T\u00e1 a taighde lean\u00fanach ar Choiste Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta na Croise Deirge agus ar idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanachas na mban le linn Chogadh Cathartha na h\u00c9ireann maoinithe ag Cumann Stair Dl\u00edthi\u00fail na h\u00c9ireann.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n\r\n

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